Science Abbreviations

What is Science?

Science represents all knowledge acquired through study, research or practice, based on certain principles. This word derives from the Latin scientia, whose meaning is “knowledge” or “to know”.

In general, science, which is very broad, comprises several sets of knowledge in which theories are elaborated based on their own scientific methods and research.

Methodology is essential in science, as is the absence of prejudice and value judgments. Science has evolved over the centuries and Galileo Galilei (1564 – 1642) is considered the father of modern science.

They are important names in the history of science, in different areas:

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 – 1543)
Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727)
Benjamin Franklin (1706 – 1790)
Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882)
Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895)
Marie Curie (1867 – 1934)
Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955)
Alan Turing (1912 – 1954)
Rosalind Franklin (1920 – 1958)
Stephen Hawking (1942 – 2018)
Steve Jobs (1955 – 2011)

The scientific method

Although science does not have a single method, it is common to identify two concepts as a method:

Inductive: part of the observations for the construction of a theory.
Deductive: part of the theory for its verification.

In this sense, it is possible to understand that the traditional thinking about science remains, despite currently having a wide range of interpretations about its form.

Thus, the common conception of the scientific method is seen as a cycle of production of logical and systematic knowledge, based on evidence.

Observation: an attentive and critical look at the real, identifying relevant issues.
Problem identification: it is the starting question that guides scientific research, “what do you want to know”.
Hypothesis formulation: an answer to the problem is created, an idea of what it is or how it can be solved.
Verification: testing the hypothesis, checking for flaws. If there are problems, the hypothesis must be recycled and the step redone.
Conclusion: from the analysis of the collected data, something is concluded, a new knowledge about the problem.
Communication: the conclusion or theory must be published to be evaluated by the scientific community.

Science and technology

Science is closely linked to the area of technology, because most of the advances in science today are achieved through the development of new technologies and the development of existing technologies.

Social Sciences

They study human behavior, human relationships and their development in society. This area of study includes disciplines such as anthropology, law, history, psychology, sociology, social philosophy, social economy, social policy, social law.

The social sciences study the norms of coexistence of man and the ways of his social organization. The term “social science” is also used to designate the group formed by the sciences of law, sociology and political sciences.

Accounting sciences

The area of accounting sciences is responsible for the accounts of a company, recording and controlling revenues, expenses and profits. The accounting science professional is responsible for planning, controlling and coordinating the company’s purchases, sales, applications and investments, so that it is possible to have a clear idea of the equity.

You should be aware of situations such as above-average expenses. Within the company, it has the function of analyzing economic events and, after this analysis, provides relevant information to the company’s leaders so that they can make decisions in the context of the direction of the business. It usually pays taxes, and within the company it is its function to carry out audits and accounting expertise.

To exercise the function of accountant, it is necessary to be registered with the Regional Accounting Council. To ensure professional registration, it is mandatory to carry out a sufficiency exam, a measure that has been implemented since 2010.

Actuarial Sciences

Modern actuarial science emerged at the beginning of the 19th century in England and was responsible for the areas of pension and retirement, with the purpose of studying the mortality of the population.

Actuarial science uses notions of statistical and financial mathematics to analyze risks and expectations, most often in the context of the administration of insurance and pension funds.

Individuals trained in Actuarial Science must know how to deal with insurance, social security and private problems, working in the calculation of insurance premiums, annuities, retirement plans and pensions. The area of risk assessment is also very important in the actuarial sciences.

Exact Sciences

The exact sciences produce knowledge based on quantitative expressions, rigorously testing their hypotheses based on experiments or calculations. Exact sciences are those that only admit rigorously demonstrable principles, consequences and facts.

Examples of exact sciences are mathematics, physics, astronomy, engineering, chemistry and even certain branches of biology or economics.

Natural Sciences

Natural sciences are sciences that describe, order and compare the various existing natural phenomena, that is, the components of nature and the processes that take place in it. The objective is to determine what are the existing relationships between these elements, formulating laws and rules.

A distinction can be made between exact sciences (such as physics and chemistry) and predominantly descriptive sciences (biology, including microbiology and paleontology, geography, geology, crystallography, etc.).

The field of activity of the natural sciences is constituted mainly by investigation without a concrete application. Biology, geology and medicine are part of the natural sciences, for example.

Noetic science

Noetic science, which derives from the Greek nous, meaning mind or thought, is related to gnosiology, the study or theory of thought or knowledge.

It is an area that tries to scientifically explain subjective matters such as miracles, faith, soul, etc. Noetic science seeks the scientific explanation for issues involving phenomena related to spirit, mind and consciousness.

Computer science

Computer science is the area that involves the study of automation procedures and the way machines work. It is also the area responsible for software development and implementation, digital data processing and algorithm creation.

Computer science, which is included in the exact sciences, is very comprehensive and involves the study of the most varied types of systems that can be used to allow the operation of new and modern technologies.

List of Acronyms Related to Science