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Abbreviation

Abbreviations should be used with care so that they do not compromise understanding.

When to use:

1. When there is a need to reduce space in titles, subtitles, tables, graphics, infographics, TV crediting and crawl.

Even in these cases, care must be taken that the use of abbreviations does not impair understanding. Avoid more than one abbreviation per sentence and don't make it up. Use only known abbreviations.

Photo caption: The João Pessoa airport terminal was expanded to 10,000 m², but even so, the senator reports inconvenience to passengers.

Crawl: Indication of Arnaldo Caiche D'Oliveira for emb. from Niger has opinion of sen. Eduardo Suplicy

2. Avoid abbreviations in running texts. No don't write 7 t, 1600 kgor see info. Grafe: 7 tons, 1,600 kilos and see infographic.

Total cocaine seizures rose from just over 7 tons in 2004 to 24 tons in 2009 ( see infographic on this page ), when 1,600 kilograms were seized from five intercepted aircraft.

According to the current code, therefore, according to Embrapa and Sparovek, more than 620 thousand square kilometers (and not 620 thousand km²) would have to be recovered.

However, when a term appears many times in the text, it can be abbreviated, as long as the first occurrence is spelled in full. This is the case for terms such as page (p.), square kilometer (km ² ) and cubic meter (m ³ ).

See rule on remission.

How to use:

1. Abbreviations formed by word reduction, in general the first syllable, keep the accent and receive a period. For the plural, sis added: page, page, séc., sécs.

2. Symbols (metric system, units, chemical elements) are invariant, do not have a plural and are not followed by a period. Use space between the number and the symbol: 10 m, 10 kg, 10 km.

3. Symbols are usually written in lowercase. However, if the unit name derives from a proper name, the first letter of the symbol is capitalized: Pa (pascal), Hz (hertz), W (watt).

4. The unit name, however, is always written with a lowercase letter, even when the symbol begins with a capital letter: pascal (Pa), hertz (He).

5. The symbol ºC, for degrees Celsius, is preceded by a space to express the temperature value: 25.1 ºC. Do not use 25.1°C or 25.1°C.

6. Abbreviations of magnitude values​​(mi, bi, tri) are used for monetary values ​​only.

7. The senatorabbreviation (sen.) should only be used for crediting and crawltexts.

8. Use only the following abbreviations for cities:

BH to Belo Horizonte
Rio to Rio de Janeiro (not RJ)
NY to New York

Do not use BSB for Brasilia.

Title: Traffic on the verge of collapse in São Paulo, Rio, BH and Porto Alegre

9. Avoid abbreviating addresses(unless it's a series of addresses or you need to save space). Write Avenida Paulista, Rua Coronel Pacheco, Praça dos Namorados (with a capital letter when followed by the name).

The demonstration will feature caravans from the 78 municipalities in the state, which today will focus on Praça dos Namorados.

10. To spell time,use h; minute, min; second, s. Do not use space between the number and symbol or add sfor the plural.

Use 10:30am and not 10:30am or 10:30am.
Use 4pm and not 4pm or 4pm.

For full hours, do not use a trailing zero: 10:00, not 10:00.

Repeat symbol at time intervals: The course will be from 9 am to 6 pm.

The min form is used when you want to inform the hours down to the seconds: The marathon runner completed the race in 2h4min26

In infographics, the abbreviation of minutes (min) can also be used to express temporal duration.

Attention: to indicate elapsed time and uncertain time, write time in full.

Use: The debate lasted three hours. He arrived around 9 am.

11. Forms ofaddress: the forms Senhor and Senhora should only be used in reproductions of speeches or in interviews. Thus, in these cases, when followed by a proper name, prefer to abbreviate them: sr. and mrs. (use with lowercase initial).

Agency: What role do you see for social media, new media, in this greater engagement of civil society?

— Mr. Bernardo Figueiredo (Mr. Bernardo Figueiredo) moves from private to public, after moving from public to private,” said Requião.

Do not use the title of doctor or doctor as a form of treatment. To reproduce speeches, prefer the abbreviations dr. and dr. when followed by the name.

— This doctor Tourinho Neto (dr. Tourinho Neto), in my opinion, is not fulfilling what the Constitution says — he said.

Abbreviate reverence pronouns only when followed by a name. In this case, however, use capital initials: V. Exa., S. Ema., S. Sa.

— I appeal to Your Excellency to sign the request that requests the installation of the CPI of the Ministry of Transport. This signature will certainly signal that it is, indeed, willing to allow investigations to take place so that clarifications are offered to the country,” said Alvaro Dias.

— The treatment that you have given me, since I arrived in this House, has renewed hope in my soul — he said.

See more in Form of treatment.

For the proper treatment for each authority, see the Public Relations Events Handbook.

12. For names of saints, when necessary, write S. Amaro, S. Catarina and not Sto. Amaro and Sta. Catherine.

13. For telephone, use the full word. The abbreviation (tel.) should only be used together with a number and the need to reduce space. Do not use phone.

Phone: (61) 3303-3327

Commonly used abbreviations and symbols

etc.	etc.	Used with dot. The comma before is optional
KB GB MB	kilobyte gigabyte megabyte
kW MW GW	kilowatt megawatt gigawatt
h min s	hour minute second	They don't have a dot or plural
kg l	kilogram liter	No dot, no plural
Hz KHz MHz GHz	hertz kilohertz megahertz gigahertz
mi bi tri	million billion trillion	They are only used for monetary values.
m km	meter kilometer
m² km² _ _	square meter square kilometer
Ltd.	limited
jan. feb. sea. Apr. May June Jul. Aug. set out Nov. ten.		With all the letters in uppercase, use no period: JAN, FEB, OCT
page	page	accent remains Plural: pgs.
SA	anonymous society	Plural: S.As.
TV		TV can also be used. For broadcasters, use TV only. Do not use TV or TV